EmotionaI Intelligence (EI), Management, and Leadership-Terence Essay

Transformation of e.coli with plasmid dna and ligated dna Essay

Change of e.coli with plasmid dna and ligated dna - Essay Example nce quality on the plasmid fills the need of a selectable marker that gives another trademark to the changed cell not controlled by the non-changed cell, consequently recognizing from the non-transformant on a specific media. The ‘No DNA’ control on the LB plate (which contains no anti-microbial or X-lady) is relied upon to show grass example of bacterial development inferring that the bacterial cells are reasonable and can develop without the anti-infection ampicillin. Anyway the No DNA on the LB blue plate is relied upon to show no development as they don't contain the important quality for the limitation catalyst to make due in the medium with ampicillin. Cylinder 2 shows every single blue province which represents that change of cells with plasmid pCK103 meets the bacterial cells with the capacity to develop in ampicillin medium because of the nearness of the opposition quality and furthermore convert X-lady in the medium to create blue states by the activity of lac Z quality present in the plasmid which encodes ï  ¢-galactosidase engaged with lactose digestion. 3). x ï  ­g of the plasmid pCK103 were added to the E. coli during the change. From your outcomes ascertain the complete number of transformants created by this measure of DNA. Recollect that the 100ï  ­l example is just 50% of the absolute change and the 10ï  ­l example is, obviously, a twentieth. 4). This worth is known as the change recurrence and is a proportion of the effectiveness of the procedure. It is somewhat subject to the plasmid utilized however for pCK103 an estimation of 106 - 107 transformants per ï  ­g might be normal under perfect conditions. How does your worth contrast with this? For what reason do you think it varies? The worth contrasts from the perfect change effectiveness anticipated for pCK103. Various elements influence change proficiency, for example, the real DNA fixation and measure of DNA, heat stun, timeframe for articulation after change just as the specific plates utilized. The outcomes

The Best New Years Career Resolutions for People in Their 30s

The Best New Years Career Resolutions for People in Their 30s When you think of a year having 365 days, or 52 weeks, you would think that you have ample time to achieve your goals.Add to that the life expectancy in the US of 78.6 years and you have lots of time. Right?If you have all that timeâ€"a lot of time indeedâ€"how come you don’t get to achieve those things you set your heart upon? How come the end of the year comes upon you so suddenly like a thief?Is it a lack of planning? Is it the lack of good goals, smart goals or realistic goals?And if so, then which goals are realistic? And just who gets to decide this anyway?The fact that some people have achieved what the majority think is impossible is evidence that goals are individual.For that reason, a “realistic” goal is only as realistic as you determine it to be.Consider the below examples of people who beat all odds to achieve what they wanted in life.Stephen Hawking beat disabilities and battled Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis to continue with research and teaching using electronic devices. He had to train his mind to do things differently.Marla Runyan, legally blind from childhood, never stopped education. And when she joined sports, she came out with 5 gold medals for the Paralympics, has run in the Olympics and several marathons.Dominic O’Brien became an 8-time World Memory Champion with a Guinness World Record for memorizing the order of 54 shuffled packs of playing cards (2,808 cards) after viewing them just once. He also got the Brain of the Year and the Grand Master of Memory awards.Soichiro Honda left home at 15, worked as an apprentice for 6 years then started his own auto repair business at 22. Forming the Honda Motor Company while 42, it only took him 10 years for his company to become a leading motorcycle manufacturer in the world.Aren’t these the kind of people who motivate you? Aren’t their stories the ones which make you want to strip your life of everything and run towards your goal with 100% focus?But somehow, you don’t do that.Many re asons can be given for that. Maybe some of them are excuses.The Need for Goals in LifeDespite all the different philosophies and theories, one fact stands unopposed. You must have goals in life.This is not for the sake of fitting in. Many people have new year’s resolutions but few achieve them. So get out of the mob psychology and have a solid reason as to why you need new year’s resolutions.Life is a journey and never a destination.That means that you should not only think of life in terms of where you are going, but also how you get there. What you go through to get there.The challenges and victories. These are important and they are what define life.A failure to appreciate the journey makes you lose the strength to get to the destination.This is why you may be giving up so often because you face challenges.The problem is that you expect not to face challenges. Yet those challenges are what make you the right person for the destination. Have you ever noticed that only a certai n kind of people are in certain places?Look at successful business people. If you look into their lives, you’ll notice that they have some similarities. Yes, they have their differences but some things are common across the board.Look into the private lives of successful sportsmen and women. Ignore the scandals some of them are faced with. Do you know that they develop themselves for the success?That development comes through appreciating the journey. They embrace the challenges and work through them.So, the journey is important. But the destination is also important.Why?Because it is what determines the journey you take.The destination determines the path you take. If going to the coffee shop, you can walk.But if going to another continent, you fly.Those are two different journeys and they are determined by the destination.NEW YEAR CAREER RESOLUTIONSIn making new year’s resolutions, decide one thing this time round. You will embrace the journey. You will fight to get to the des tination but will also appreciate everything that comes your way.As you make your very personal career resolutions, here are some foundational ones to consider. These are not necessarily telling you how to make your career better.They are telling you the ingredients to ensuring the resolutions you make work.As you go through these, you’ll see how they tie in with the rest of your goals.Learn from the PastBeing in your 30s is very different from being in your 20s. You are more than a decade older now. Congratulations.So, are you better than you had been in the past decade? If you started working at 25, how have you progressed this far? Can you pinpoint specific moments of victory and loss?One of the most important things about progress is learning. You can never outgrow learning. Even in old age, with gray hair, there will still be something to learn.You can however stop learning if you decide there is no need for it. Fortunately, you haven’t gotten to that point, otherwise you w ouldn’t be reading this.To learn from the past, consider the below:1. What workedYou have definitely experienced victories in your life this far. But did you take time to find out just how you attained those successes? Did you think about the processes you followed? Did you give thought to the challenges you faced and how you overcame them?This is the right time to do this in case you didn’t. You see, in your 30s, you have tried what you first believed and now have an opportunity to make appropriate changes. If you noticed some methods or tools working well, then stick to those.But as you do, try and improve them. See where they fall short and strengthen them accordingly. Because if you are serious about achieving your life goals, more challenges lie ahead.2. What didn’t workFrom all the things you tried and have been trying, you must have noticed that some just never work. Maybe you’ve been using methods someone told you worked for them, even though they don’t work for yo u. It might be time to drop them.When you try fitting yourself into something which isn’t really fitting, you are actually working towards your own failure.The biggest thing you are risking is your confidence levels. You are trying to please the person by applying his advice even though it’s not working.Don’t waste any more time. Look for what works for you and embrace it.You can ask more people how they do things. You can check online for opinions and reviews.Better still, you can utilize your creativity and come up with unique ways of getting ahead.Work on Your Financial DisciplineMoney is not everything. It is not the measure of success. Noble examples like Mother Teresa prove this.But that doesn’t mean that money is not important. In fact, anyone claiming that money is not important will be lying. No-one wants to live in poverty. And yes, poverty is not the lack of money. It is mainly a mentality issue.But there is more to money that this.Diving slightly deeper, money do es more than buying food. It does more than buying a good home and obviously, it takes care of many problems. Source: PersonalFNFor career purposes, money is necessary for further schooling. It is necessary for dressing like the professional you are, or intend to be. It is necessary for networking in certain circles. This list can be long, but you get the idea.Yet money is not self-managing. It doesn’t have the ability to teach you how best to use it. Unless you use it to learn how to use it.More than that, you just need to mismanage your finances to see what trouble you can get into.Financial impropriety at a personal level can be career wrecking. The levels of stress resulting from it won’t help but show up in the office.If you are struggling to foot your bills, you will not be able to concentrate at work. Meaning you won’t be productive at all due to high stress levels.Is there any way your career will grow in such an environment? Very unlikely.Compare that to the confidence levels you gain when you know that you are not in debt. When you freely help out friends when they are in nee d.When you know that being fired can’t scare you since you have big savings. When you get email updates about the growth of your investments.This confidence is great for a boost in career success.Check your expenses. Have some savings and invest some money. Get yourself covered and see the peace you have while chasing your dreams.Find a MentorAre you humble enough to learn from others?It’s said that experience is the best teacher. But if you are keen enough, you’ll realize that this is not always true.When you make mistakes in your investments and lose your money, is this the best way for you to learn how to invest?No.It would have been better if someone walked you through the dos and don’ts and told you how to go about it.If that happened, then maybe you needed someone who would go the extra mile to teach you what to look for in an investment option.Maybe which investment vehicles are best for your situation.Now, finding such people is not easy. And though you may know some , reaching them might be your biggest problem.You still have to get through the fears of asking them to mentor you.Because the truth is that not every expert is open to mentoring others.So what do you do?Here are two ideas you can try:1. Approach them from a business perspectiveOne thing common with all experts is that they worked hard to become who they are. As such, you cannot get them to work with you if you don’t show value for their expertise.The reason people pay for mentorship is that they understand the value. They are willing to pay for personal guidance and since it cost them, they apply it.Often, what costs you nothing carries very little value to you. So when you approach a potential mentor from this perspective, he sees your need for help. You can be sure you’ll get more than you pay for if you are proactive.2. Learn from them behind the scenesOf course, not everyone who can’t afford conferences is simply not valuing good advice. You might understand the value of what you want but can’t prove it in terms of money at the moment.If this is you, cheer up. Where there is a will, there is a way. But there is still a cost involved, albeit less than the above option calls for.Get to the internet and search up the mentor of your choice. Get to his website and read the material he has there. Check him out on YouTube and follow him on social media. Experts always give tips and so much insight even in tweets. This is because they are full of the knowledge so it just flows out of them.This is what you will harvest. Since you understand the value, you will put it to use.Another avenue for gaining insight from your mentor is by reading his books. Books contain more than what someone can share on a platform.From a book, you can learn the challenges your mentor went through and be encouraged.So, if by some chance you can’t get your favorite mentor to physically walk with you, do it virtually. This is how many experts themselves grow.They learn from each other through many means, including reading their books.Work on Your HealthYou have your eyes set on improving your career. But have you considered improving your health?Do not ignore your health. It is your body that works. It is your mind that thinks through problems and comes up with solutions.It is your eyes which help you read reports and emails. It is your heart that distributes nutrients throughout your body using pumped blood.Can you really afford to neglect the body that does all these and many other things? The answer is no. Here are three things to work on:1. FoodThere has been lots of talk about healthy eating. And there is need for more talk about it. But more importantly, there is need for people to start applying the information they gather from the talks and seminars.Eating healthy is not difficult. It just needs some dedication. Dedication to do away with white rice and embrace brown rice. Avoid white bread and take brown or wholemeal.As far as grains are concerned , just do away with anything white and embrace brown, or even better, whole.Taking fruits and increasing your vegetable intake is quite obvious. Here is a list of nutrients found in popular vegetables. And here is one for popular fruits.Do not ignore the need to take proteins. If conscious of your weight, which is a good thing, go lean. Use steak instead of the usual beef because the fat in it is not good.Take the healthy fat from oily fish and get better eyes and brain cells.2. WaterIf water making up to 60% of your body doesn’t tell you its importance, then you need help. Dehydration affects your brain’s functioning and your muscles too.Also of importance here is the fact that water helps detoxify your body. This body which works so hard to get you to your goals, has some things it needs to get rid of. Without water, your excretory system will not function well enough. Source: USGSNot taking water is an easy way of slowing yourself down. Yet you’re expecting to achieve your new year’s resolutions.3. ExerciseIgnore the toned body and the protruding muscles which serve as proof of how strong you are. Do you know there are more benefits to exercising than these?Do not focus on muscles only. For wholesome success, you have to gain the inward benefits of exercising too.These happen in the mind, heart and yes, body muscles. When your heart is strong, it does its job well. Commit to improving the strength and overall health of your heart through cardiac exercises.Your mind will need mental exercises while your body will do well with physical exercise.Still, physical workout benefits both your heart and mind, even as your muscles gain from it.Divide Your Goals Into Short And Long TermYour goals should be big. In fact, they should be so big that they are scary. If they are not, then you may not be someone worth remembering.Look at the people mentioned a t the beginning of this article. They have achieved serious goals and that has given them much popularity.We are not telling you to seek popularity. We are just pointing out that the reason these people are popular is the kind of goals they achieved.But as good and admirable as big goals and dreams are, they cannot be achieved as they are. This is one of the reasons many people don’t move forward.They listen to successful people talk and want to be like them.Then they develop a desire to succeed quickly. They want big results fast.This is why at the beginning, we told you that you have to anticipate and appreciate the journey.Your big goals need to be broken down in order to be worked on.For example, your big goal may be to have the biggest online marketing business in the country. You will never achieve this goal as it is.This is because there is so much to be done to get there.You may not even understand half of what needs to be done, yet it has to be done.For this big goal, you need to have smaller onesâ€"your short-term goals.These can include building a website, building an online presence through social media, market research, learning copywriting or hiring copywriters etc.CONCLUSIONYou have no excuse to lag behind.Whether you already made your new year’s resolutions or want to do it now, pick something from here.Implement it alongside the resolutions you come up with. In so doing, you will ensure that before you hit 40, you have much to be proud of.

Facts, Geography About the West African Nation of Ghana

Ghana is a country located in western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea. The country is known for being the second largest producer of cocoa in the world as well as its incredible ethnic diversity. Ghana currently has more than 100 different ethnic groups in its population of just over 24 million. Fast Facts: Ghana Official Name: Republic of GhanaCapital: AccraPopulation: 28,102,471Â  (2018)Official Language: EnglishCurrency: Cedi (GHC)Form of Government: Presidential republicClimate: Tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in northTotal Area: 92,098 square miles (238,533 square kilometers)Highest Point: Mount Afadjato at 2,904 feet (885 meters)Lowest Point: Atlantic Ocean at 0 feet (0 meters) History of Ghana Ghanas history prior to the 15th century is concentrated primarily on oral traditions. However, it is believed that people may have inhabited what is present-day Ghana from about 1500 BCE. European contact with Ghana began in 1470. In 1482, the Portuguese built a trading settlement there. Shortly thereafter for three centuries, the Portuguese, English, Dutch, Danes, and Germans all controlled different parts of the coast. In 1821, the British took control of all of the trading posts located on the Gold Coast. From 1826 to 1900, the British then fought battles against the native Ashanti and in 1902, the British defeated them and claimed the northern part of todays Ghana. In 1957, after a plebiscite in 1956, the United Nations determined that the territory of Ghana would become independent and combined with another British territory, British Togoland, when the entire Gold Coast became independent. On March 6, 1957, Ghana became independent after the British gave up control of the Gold Coast and the Ashanti, the Northern Territories Protectorate and British Togoland. Ghana was then taken as the legal name for the Gold Coast after it was combined with British Togoland in that year. Following its independence, Ghana underwent several reorganizations that caused the country to be divided into 10 different regions. Kwame Nkrumah was the first prime minister and president of modern Ghana and he had goals of unifying Africa as well as freedom and justice and equality in education for all. His government, however, was overthrown in 1966. Instability was then a major part of Ghanas government from 1966 to 1981, as several government overthrows occurred. In 1981, Ghanas constitution was suspended and political parties were banned. This later caused the countrys economy to decline and many people from Ghana migrated to other countries.By 1992, a new constitution was adopted, the government began to regain stability, and the economy started to improve. Today, Ghanas government is relatively stable and its economy is growing. Government of Ghana Ghanas government today is considered a constitutional democracy with an executive branch made up of a chief of state and a head of government filled by the same person. The legislative branch is a unicameral Parliament while its judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court. Ghana is also still divided into 10 regions for local administration: Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, and Western. Economics and Land Use in Ghana Ghana currently has one of the strongest economies of West Africas countries due to its richness of natural resources. These include gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, and limestone. However, Ghana remains dependent on international and technical assistance for its continued growth. The country also has an agriculture market that produces things like cocoa, rice, and peanuts, while its industries are focused on mining, lumber, food processing, and light manufacturing. Geography and Climate of Ghana Ghanas topography consists mainly of low plains but its south-central area does have a small plateau. Ghana is also home to Lake Volta, the worlds largest artificial lake. Because Ghana is only a few degrees north of the Equator, its climate is considered tropical. It has a wet and dry season but it is mainly warm and dry in the southeast, hot and humid in the southwest and hot and dry in the north. More Facts About Ghana Bordering Countries: Burkina Faso, Cote dIvoire, TogoCoastline: 335 miles (539 km)Ghana has 47 local languages.Association football or soccer is the most popular sport in Ghana and the country regularly participates in the World Cup.Ghanas life expectancy is 59 years for males and 60 years for females. Sources Central Intelligence Agency. CIA - The World Factbook - Ghana. United States Department of State. ï » ¿Ghana.Infoplease. Ghana: History, Geography, Government, and Culture.

What Makes A Look Fashionable - 1484 Words

With this in mind, it’s also important to remember that although consumers play a major role in selecting styles, it’s fashion experts that are what truly makes a look fashionable in the first place (Farennikova and Prinz 98). This brings us to our next fashion condition which is that â€Å"individuals regarded as experts, though not necessarily fashion professionals, must endorse the look† (Farennikova and Prinz 104). This simply refers to how an expert, using their specific taste, will pinpoint and predict a certain trend that is then regarded in the media as fashionable due to the mere mention of it by these particular people of power. They can range from a public figure like Kate Moss to a familiar fashion figure such as Anna Wintour who,†¦show more content†¦This being said, this expertise all depends on the level of fashion being compared originally; whether it’s anything from High Fashion to Haute Couture, the absurdly priced and impeccably constructed fashion which is by no means intended for the average wearer. Many of these pieces are mere exaggerations of the possible styles to arise from them (with their actually use being to remain on the runway and kept separate from the consumers), this fashion is different then mass-fashion which is something that experts do not have a say in regardless of the occasion. â€Å"In mass-fashion, they will tell us to take the trend to the streets; in High Fashion, the command is to worship.† (Farennikova and Prinz 100-101). This can be said for the Spring 2016 Gucci Collection which is both immaculately crafted and likely astronomically priced if its availability is an option at all. Unless you near future involves plans of wearing a magenta lace neck-ruff paired with a matching pink floral suit and blue sneakers in the coming seasons, it is unlikely you’ll be banging down doors in order to acquire this distinct look. This is why mass-fashion is selected and flouris hes independently from experts, but they’re still the leading cause as to how you ended up with that eclectic style or look in the first place (Farennikova and Prinz 100). As a side note, this can also lead to the topic of â€Å"timeless fashion† and whether or

Economic Immigration Free Essays

Chavez Department of Chicana and Chicano Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. He has a Ph. D. We will write a custom essay sample on Economic Immigration or any similar topic only for you Order Now n political science from the University of Chicago. The thesis statement or main argument of this article is the following, â€Å"Comprehensive immigration reform that legalizes currently unauthorized immigrants and creates flexible legal limits on future immigration in the context of full labor rights would help American workers and the U. S economy. † Clearly the main goal of this Dr. OJeda writing this paper is shed light on the many economic benefits for the United States if a comprehensive immigration reformation law was passed. Some of the evidence used by the author to validate the his thesis is for xample this excerpt from the article, â€Å"The historical experience of legalization under the 1986 Immigration Reform and Control Act indicates that comprehensive immigration reform would raise wages, increase consumption, create Jobs and generate additional tax revenue. Even though the Immigration Reform and Control Act was implemented during a period that included a recession and high unemployment (1990-1991), it still helped raise wages and spurred increases in educational, home, and small business investments by newly legalized immigrants. Taking the experience of the Immigration Reform and Control Act as a starting point, e estimate that comprehensive immigration reform would yield at least $1. 5 trillion in added U. S gross domestic product (GDP) over 10 years. † (Ojeda, 2012, 176) I am an immigrant from Mexico myself and I know the struggle that goes on each and every day in the lives of illegal immigrants. I moved here when I was 4 years old and have been raised in a Mexican-American culture. I love this country and consider myself an American, this country has provided for me the path to live out my dreams and be whatever I choose to be in life, and for that I will always be grateful. Just last ear thanks to the Deferred Action law that was put into effect, more than 700,000 undocumented students qualified for a 2 year work/study permit, a chance to get a driver’s license and to finally have legal standing and documentation in this country. The effect it will have on the future of the United States is a positive one and will benefit the growth of the country in many sectors greatly. I strongly believe this article is crucial to the United States we live in today and to the future of the United States. It exposes a lot of myths and calms a lot of worries concerning whether or not comprehensive immigration reform would help the country at all. How to cite Economic Immigration, Papers

Introduction Pollution Research Paper Example

Introduction Pollution Paper Pollution is the introduction oaf contaminant into a natural environment, usually by humans. While most people think of pollution as chemical waste dumped into rivers, or factories spewing toxins into the air, it can also include light pollution or sound pollution. These are example of pollutions such as air pollution, water pollution and land pollution. Firstly, the air pollution is the accumulation in the atmosphere of substances that, in sufficient concentrations, endanger human health or produce other measured effects on living matter and other materials. Among the major sources of pollution are power and heat generation, the burning of solid wastes, industrial processes, and, especially, transportation. The six major types Of pollutants are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulates, sulfur dioxide, and photochemical oxidants. These are examples of air pollution; * Tobacco Smoke Tobacco smoke is one of the major forms of pollution in buildings. It is not only the smoker who is infected, but everyone who inhales the polluted air. There is a very strong connection between smoking and lung cancer. Bronchitis is common among smokers and unborn babies of mothers who smoke also suffer from the harmful effects of smoking. * Exhaust Gases of Vehicles Pollution from exhaust gases of vehicles is responsible for 60% of all air pollution and in cities up to 80%. There is a large variety of harmful chemicals present in these gases, with lead being one Of the most dangerous. Combustion of Coal The combustion of coal without special precautions can have serious consequences. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer If winds do not blow away the poisonous gases, they can have fatal effects and may lead to death. Acid rain Acid rain is the term for pollution caused when sulfur and nitrogen dioxides combine with atmospheric moisture to produce highly acidic rain, snow, hail, or fog. The acid eats into the stone, brick and metal articles and pollutes water sources. Coal in South Africa is rich in sulfur and the power stations in the Mulligan Province could be responsible for acid rain over other areas of our country. Moreover, another example of pollution is water pollution. Water pollution is the introduction into fresh or ocean waters of chemical, physical, or illogical material that degrades the quality of the water and affects the organisms living in it. This process ranges from simple addition of dissolved or suspended solids to discharge of the most insidious and persistent toxic pollutants (such as pesticides, heavy metals, and no degradable, bio accumulative, chemical compounds). These are examples Of water pollution * Industrial affluent Water is discharged from after having been used in production processes. This waste water may contain acids, alkalis, salts, poisons, oils and in some cases harmful bacteria. K Mining and Agricultural Wastes Mines, especially gold and coal mines, are responsible for large quantities of acid water. Agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and herbicides may wash into rivers and stagnant water bodies. Sewage Disposal and Domestic Wastes Sewage as well as domestic and farm wastes were often allowed to pollute rivers and dams. Lastly is the land pollution. Land pollution is the degradation of the Earths land surface through misuse of the soil by poor agricultural practices, mineral exploitation, industrial waste dumping and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes. It includes visible waste and litter as well as pollution of the soil itself. Examples of Land Pollution; * Soil Pollution Soil pollution is mainly due to chemicals in herbicides (weed killers) and pesticides (poisons which kill insects and other invertebrate pests). Litter is waste material dumped in public places such as streets, parks, picnic areas, at bus stops and near shops. * Waste Disposal The accumulation Of Waste threatens the health Of people in residential areas. Waste decays, encourages household pests and turns urban areas into unsightly, dirty and unhealthy places to live in.

Pixar- Culture and Organisations Essays

Pixar- Culture and Organisations Essays Pixar- Culture and Organisations Paper Pixar- Culture and Organisations Paper Culture and Organisations Pixar case study HRO372 1. Background Pixar Animation Studios was founded in 1979, initially specializing in producing state of the art computer hardware (Carlson, 2003). In 1990, due to poor product sales the company diversified from its core business and began producing computer animated commercials for outside companies. Success came for Pixar after the production of its first computer animated film ‘Toy story’ in 1995 (Hutton and Baute, 2007). Since then, Pixar has made many innovative animated feature films, with well known ones including A Bugs Life, Toy Story 2, Monsters, Inc. , Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Cars, Ratatouille and WALL-E, six of which are in the top grossing animated films of all time (Pixar, 2010). The company has won many Academy awards for Best Animated Feature film, and puts its success largely down to the â€Å"rare talent† of its employees (Prokesch, 2008). Pixar’s operates a strong organisational culture, which has seen it become a benchmark for other companies in the film making industry. The company’s key objective is â€Å"to combine proprietary technology and world-class creative talent to develop computer-animated feature films with memorable characters and heart-warming stories that appeal to audiences of all ages (Pixar, 2009). † In 2006, Pixar entered a 7. 6 billion dollar agreement to work with the Walt Disney Company. The Pixar Company is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Disney (La Franco, 2006). Although the merger has been a success long term, it has not been without its problems. Pixar’s unique ‘hands off’ management culture has often conflicted with Disney’s traditional bureaucratic leadership style. The animation industry is a highly competitive environment, with Pixar’s biggest competition being, DreamWorks Animation and Blue Sky Studios. In 2008, the global animation market was estimated to be worth 300 billion US dollars per year (Skillset, 2009). In order to remain competitive, Pixar need to retain a highly skilled workforce and not lose their strong organisational culture, which is the foundation of their creative power and innovation. 2. Frameworks for analysis . 1 Schein’s framework Many theorists have given their definition of organizational culture. Schein (1997, p. 6), defines it as the â€Å"basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken-for-granted fashion an organization’s view of itself and its environment. â₠¬  Schein highlights the importance of understanding culture within an organization stating that â€Å"organizational learning, development and planned change cannot be understood without considering culture as the primary source of resistance to change. Schein’s framework (see appendix a) argues that an organizations culture is made up of three levels, consisting of artifacts, espoused beliefs and values and underlying assumptions. This framework will be used to analyze the human resource management within Pixar to see how it impacts on the company’s organizational culture. In his book â€Å"The corporate culture survival guide,† Schein reveals that there is clear link between corporate culture and Human Resource Management. He states that corporate culture isn’t always what it seems. There are ‘hidden depths’ that managers fail to acknowledge in times of organization failure. Managers need to grasp the true meaning of the company in which Schein states can be â€Å"learned, shared, tacit assumptions on which people base their daily behaviour. Pixar’s HRM is one that is designed to increase employee satisfaction. Catmull (2008), states that the belief at Pixar is that â€Å"people are greater than ideas. † The company’s organizational structure, strategy, communication levels, team work environment, values and norms are central to its unique â€Å"hands off† management culture, which has seen it become a benchmark in the film making industry. 2. 2 Artifacts Physical organizational structures and processes are at the basic level of defining an organizations culture. Schein states that â€Å"these artifacts are those aspects, at the surface, that can be easily discerned, yet are hard to understand. † At Pixar these artifacts are as follows: 1. Pixar University The key to Pixar’s success is its talented employees which lie at the heart of the organisation. The company promotes a learning culture and all employees are encouraged to devote at least four hours a week to their education. In house courses are provided through the company’s own established university- Pixar University (PU). Pixar University is responsible for training and cross training people, helping them progress in their careers (Catmull, 2008). Educational classes include screenplay writing, drawing and sculpting, however there are optional classes such as Pilates and yoga that encourage people from all disciplines to interact and value one another. Through expanding knowledge in and outside of their areas, employees become more resilient to change. Redman and Wilkinson (2006), support this view stating that through training and development, organizations are readily able to adapt to changes in the business environment. 2. Building structure The Pixar building is designed for a functional purpose- to maximize interaction between all Pixar employees. Schein suggests that if you want to understand organizational culture have a look at their work place environment. The building typically represents a â€Å"den† culture (Duffy, 1997-) and is designed to allow for high interaction and low autonomy (see appendix B). The layout consists of a large atrium at its centre and includes a cafeteria, meeting rooms, bathrooms, and mailboxes. This systematically ensures that people gather there repeatedly throughout the day, providing â€Å"valuable encounters† (Catmull, 2008). . Recruitment All new hires attend an ‘orientation session’ where Pixar’s president Ed Catmull, gives a presentation on the mistakes the company have made and the lessons that were learned. The process is intended to ‘break down the barriers’ and change the assumption that successful people are not always right. 4. C ommunication structure There are no channels at Pixar. Members of any department are freely allowed to approach anyone. The decision making hierarchy and communication structure are seen to be separate from one another. Nobody needs to ask permission to speak to another member on how to solve a problem. Pixar offer a â€Å"safe environment† on freedom of speech with all employees being encouraged to email notes to leaders giving their opinions on what they liked and disliked about their work and why. Barret (1997), states that transparent and open communication can positively influence innovation and creative processes in an organization. Ways in which Pixar manage this communication is through the following processes: (a) Pixar’s â€Å"Creative Brain Trust† Teams are typically made up of a director, a writer, some artists, and some storyboard people. All team members are encouraged to share their ideas through a process called â€Å"the brain trust. † This occurs when the producer or director need advice and so call together all members of the group to discuss the current state of work. All employees are actively involved in a â€Å"lively 2 hour session† on how to better their work. All Pixar employees are seen as valuable assets to the organization, and therefore all ideas are valued. (b) Daily Review process The company encourages daily review processes called â€Å"dailies,† in which all teams come together and present their work in progress to one another. All employees are encouraged to give each other feedback on each team’s current state of work. Everyone shares their opinions and make suggestions for improvements. The director ultimately makes the final decision, however the teams get to put forward their ideas. â€Å"Dailies† is a technique that was originally used by Disney. (c) â€Å"Postmortems† After every film is completed, reflections or so called â€Å"postmortems† are encouraged as a way of focusing on the positives and the negatives. The idea is for employees to analyze what went right and what went wrong and use these boundaries as a benchmark for later productions. Through using data, the organization is able to analyze each process, keeping track of the rates at which things happen, how often things are amended, and the current state of a piece of work when it gets sent to another department etc. The data helps to â€Å"stimulate discussion† and challenge any assumptions that may arise. 2. 3 Espoused Values Schein states that â€Å"beneath these structures there are espoused values, which are conscious strategies, goals and philosophies. † It is these underlying beliefs, values and assumptions that dictate the way people act. Tesluk et al (1997), believes that shared norms, beliefs and values help individuals to assume whether innovative and creative behaviour determine the way in which the organisation operates. Pixar’s corporate mission is â€Å"to combine proprietary technology and world-class creative talent to develop computer-animated feature films with memorable characters and heart-warming stories that appeal to audiences of all ages† (Pixar, 2009). This corporate mission is managed through the following strategies, goals and philosophies: 1. Recruitment of those with â€Å"rare talent† The hiring process should communicate the organizations shared purpose. The belief at Pixar is to ensure that all recruits don’t fall into what Catmull (2008) calls the â€Å"awe-of-the-institution† syndrome. Management transmit the values of the company through the process of the â€Å"orientation session. † This resembles a storytelling of the company and its culture. The session highlights the belief that all employees are seen as valuable assets to the organization, and that successful people aren’t always right. Harrison (2005) agrees that in order to foster creativity, it is vital to recruit and retain talented employees. Management at Pixar believe that through the â€Å"regular injection of outsiders† (Catmull, 2008), the company will be able to embrace change. Mathis and Jackson (2008) agree that a core competency of any business is to be able to attract and retain employees with unique, professional and technical capabilities. 2. Invest in people Pixar’s employees are seen as valuable assets to the organization, therefore the value of the company is to invest in people. This is achieved through ongoing training and development. Pixar University creates this learning environment. Randy Nelson, dean of Pixar University describes its purpose as: Weve made the leap from an idea-centered business to a people-centered business. Instead of developing ideas, we develop people. Instead of investing in ideas, we invest in people. Were trying to create a culture of learning, filled with lifelong learners. Its no trick for talented people to be interesting, but its a gift to be interested. We want an organization filled with interested people† (Baker, 2008). Pixar believe that through training and developing employees, it will help them progress in their careers. Catmull (2008) states â€Å"Pixar University helps to reinforce the mind-set that we’re all learning and it’s fun to learn together. † All employees learn from their mistakes through the process of â€Å"postmortems. † The idea is not to beat yourself up about what went wrong but to use the experience as a learning opportunity. One way that Pixar overcome this is by getting employees to list the things that went right against the things that went wrong. Conner and Clawson (2004), state that learning should be linked either directly or indirectly to a business goal. 3. Obtain Creative leadership Syrett and Lammiman (1997) believe that the most successful companies are capable of integrating innovation and creativity into their culture through the management process. Pixar’s philosophy is â€Å"You get great creative people, you bet big on them, you give them enormous leeway and support, and you provide them with an environment in which they can get honest feedback from everyone† (Catmull ,2008, p. 68). The management at Pixar operate a â€Å"task based culture† in which Mullins (2007), notes that the organization seeks to bring together the right resources and the right people to utilize the unified power of the group. At Pixar, this task based culture is evident through the process of the â€Å"creative brain trust† in which each team is given creative ownership over all tasks. Catmull (2008) notes â€Å"Clear values, constant communication, routine postmortems, and the regular injection of outsiders who will challenge the status quo aren’t enough- strong leadership is essential to make sure people don’t pay lip service to the values, tune out the communications, game the processes, and automatically discount newcomers’ observations and suggestions. Judge et al (2007), believes that this philosophy is one that increases employee creativity, because top management set strategic goals but allow employees considerable freedom within the context of these goals. 4. Create Trusting Relationships Pixar’s goal is to create lasting relationships. Catmull (2008) states â€Å"we believe that lasting relationships matter. † Much of the production crew at Pixar have w orked with each other for many years. Trust and respect for one another is vital in order for people to work effectively together. The role of management at Pixar is to create an environment that fosters these relationships. Gilbert, (2007) notes, â€Å"Pixar trusts the teams they build to do their jobs and gives them the freedom to do them well. Executives don’t go to story meetings, they recognize that is a job they’ve hired artists for and they trust the artists to do it. There is little micromanagement. † Trust is established through the ongoing process of Pixar’s â€Å"creative brain trust†, daily reviews and â€Å"postmortems†, were employees are able to freely express their ideas and opinions and everyone is actively involved in the discussion process. Barnard (1938) believed that the commitment and contribution of all employees to achieve a common purpose were necessary for the existence of a co-operative system. The Pixar building is typical of a nodal design, which according to Myerson and Ross (2004) is one that is designed to encourage knowledge and learning. The belief is that people will mix in the relaxed atmosphere during the course of the day and discuss their ideas, increasing creative thinking and promoting innovative ideas. Kouzes and Posner (2000) believe that trustworthiness is the foundation of leadership. . Freedom to communicate Pixar’s operational principles (see appendix C) state that every employee should be able to freely and safely communicate their ideas to anyone. Hooper and potter (1999) found that an open communication culture is a key attribute for effective leadership within an organization. Pixar’s open communication structure resembles that of a â€Å"den culture† and allows for h igh interaction and low autonomy. This enables flexibility and co-operative teamwork. Catmull (2008) notes that employees â€Å"really do feel that it’s all for one and one for all. Communication is effectively established through Pixar’s â€Å"creative brain trust,† in which all employees help the director to solve any problems that he/she may have. The strategy enables employees to express any organisational concerns that may arise. 2. 4 Underlying Assumptions Schein defines this bottom level as â€Å"the core or essence of culture. † These assumptions and values are difficult to understand because they exist beneath the surface, operating at an unconscious level. In order for management to understand why things happen the way they do, is to look at the deeper dimensions of human existence. It is through this that they can truly identify with truth and reality. The assumptions at Pixar are as follows: 1. People are good The assumption that people are good leads to the belief that ongoing training and development should be provided. This belief is established through the creation of Pixar University; in which Pixar invest in their employees through providing them with classes to broaden their academic and interpersonal skills. Rodriguez (2005) notes that a successful business is one that invests in its employees. Trust in employees is another belief put forward by management that results in the process of an open communication system and the belief that employees should have creative ownership over all tasks. 2. Company’s should fight the â€Å"success syndrome† Pixar has had many triumphs of success, but according to Catmull (2008) it will continue to improve itself until the end. This assumption is evident through the belief of providing a learning culture for its employees and is evident with Pixar University and through the processes of post-mortems, daily reviews and the recruitment of new hires. Prokesch (2008) notes that â€Å"some of the most exceptional unsung heroes in business are the managers who resist taking authority and the limelight and build a solid stage where others can be stars. † 3. Taking risks is good for business. Pixar operate through the assumption that managing creative talent and taking risks is responsible for their success. According to Catmull (2008) the role of management is not to prevent risk but to build the capability to recover when failures occur. This is evident through the belief of creating trusting relationships and being a creative leader. In the animation industry, companies can’t afford to play it safe. It is up to the management to have trust in the new ideas put forward by employees. Pixar’s creative brain trust offers this safe environment were all employees’ ideas are valued. Catmull (2008) adds â€Å"we believe the creative vision propelling each movie comes from one or two people and not from either corporate executives or a development department. † Koontz and Weihrich (2007) agree that management should take risks for the long term survival of a business. 3. Changes and Improvements It is naive to assume that by giving employees great leeway they will become more creative. While creative leadership may work for Pixar, it may not be the case for other company’s. Although the Disney Pixar merger has proved to be a success short term (with the creation of Award Winning movies such as Ratatouille, WALL-E, and their latest film UP), they could face problems in the long term. The Disney Pixar merger could be seen as a future weakness for the company as Disney’s bureaucratic management culture is quite the opposite to that of Pixar. Previous studies show that there is a high failure rate for mergers. Millier (2008) found that 85% of merger failures are related to the mismanagement of cultural issues. Lundberg (2001) goes on to say that a high percentage of these are the result of failure to integrate management teams. In order to achieve success long term Pixar and Disney could adopt a Transformational Leadership style (see appendix C). According to Crossan and Vera (2004), â€Å"this type of leadership is necessary for creating the organizational environment and culture needed for growth, and for encouraging the development of creative thinking and problem solving. This will help managers of both companies to stay focused on the company’s tasks and goals and help to set up plans of action. Leadership will help them to stay focussed on the individual needs of employees, creating a shared vision and aiding the change process. Through transformational leadership Pixar will effectively break down resistance to change (Prussakov, 2010). 4. Conclusion Human Resource Management plays a big part in developing an organizations culture. Pixar’s HRM culture has helped them to foster an environment in which creativity and innovation prospers. Their creative leadership combined with the rare talent of employees and trusting relationships have become a cultural benchmark for other companies in the animation industry. However, studies have shown that what works for one company may not work for another. Companies need to find out what culture works best for them and which produces the greatest output for them in order to achieve success. References Baker, R. J. (2008) Mind over Matter: Why Intellectual Capital is the Chief Source of Wealth. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Barret, R. 1997) ‘Liberating the corporate soul’, HR Focus, 74(4), pp. 15-16. Bernard, C. (1938) The Functions of the Executive. Oxford University Press. Carlson, W. E. (2003) Pixar Animation Studios. Available at: http://design. osu. edu/carlson/history/tree/pixar. html (

Biography of Fulgencio Batista, Cuban President and Dictator

Biography of Fulgencio Batista, Cuban President and Dictator Fulgencio Batista (Jan. 16, 1901–Aug. 6, 1973) was a Cuban army officer who rose to the presidency on two occasions, from 1940–1944 and 1952–1958. He also held a great deal of national influence from 1933 to 1940, although he did not at that time hold any elected office. He is perhaps best remembered as the Cuban president who was overthrown by Fidel Castro and the Cuban Revolution of 1953–1959. Fast Facts: Fulgencio Batista Known For: President of Cuba, 1940- 1944 and 1952–1958.Born: January 16, 1901, Banes, Cuba.Parents: Belisario Batista Palermo and Carmela Zaldà ­var Gonzles (1886- 1916).Died: August 6, 1973, Guadalmina, SpainEducation: Quaker grade school in Banes, 4th grade.Spouse(s): Elisa Godinez (m. 1926- 1946); Marta Fernandez Miranda (m. 1946–1973).Children: 8. Early Life Fulgencio Batista was born Rubà ©n Fulgencio Batista Zaldà ­var on January 16, 1901, the first of four sons born to Belisario Batista Palermo and Carmela Zaldà ­var Gonzles, in the Veguitas section of Banes, in Cubas northeastern Oriente province. Belisario had fought in the Cuban war of independence against Spain under General Jose Maceo, and he was a sugar cane cutter employed by a local contractor for the United Fruit Company. The family was poor, and the relationship between Fulgencio Batista and his father was not good, and so Fulgencio took it upon himself to raise, educate and care for his younger brothers Juan (born 1905), Hermelindo (b. 1906), and Francisco (b. 1911).  Ã‚   Fulgencio began studying at the age of ten at the Quaker school in Banes when it opened in September, 1911. The mostly Cuban students were taught in Spanish, and Batista graduated in 1913 with a fourth-grade education. After he graduated, he worked in the sugar cane fields with his father, and in the off-season in a variety of small jobs in town, including as apprentice to a barber and a tailor. His mother died in 1916, and the next year at the age of 15, Fulgencio Batista ran away from home.   Joining the Military During the five years between 1916 and 1921, Batista was frequently destitute, often homeless, and traveled working an odd assortment of jobs until landing a job with the Ferrocarriles del Norte railway in Camagà ¼ey Province. He sent money home when he could, but was nearly killed in an accident at the railroad that left him hospitalized for several weeks and scarred him for life. Although there were late night parties, drinking and womanizing among the railway employees, Batista rarely attended and was instead remembered as a voracious reader.   In 1921, Batista enlisted in the Cuban Army and joined the First Battalion of the 4th Infantry in Havana on April 14, 1921. On July 10, 1926, he married Elisa Godà ­nez Gà ³mez (1905–1993); they would have three children (Ruben, Mirta, and Elisa). Batista was made sergeant in 1928, and worked as an army stenographer as General Machados chief of Staff, General Herrera. Collapse of the Machado Government Batista was a young sergeant in the army when the repressive government of General Gerardo Machado fell apart in 1933. The charismatic Batista organized the so-called â€Å"Sergeant’s Rebellion† of non-commissioned officers and seized control of the armed forces. By making alliances with student groups and unions, Batista was able to put himself in a position where he was effectively ruling the country. He eventually broke with the student groups, including the Revolutionary Directorate (a student activist group) and they became his implacable enemies. First Presidential Term, 1940–1944 In 1938, Batista ordered a new constitution and ran for president. In 1940 he was elected president in a somewhat crooked election, and his party won a majority in Congress. During his term, Cuba formally entered World War II on the side of the Allies. Although he presided over a relatively stable time and the economy was good, he was defeated in the 1944 elections by Dr. Ramà ³n Grau. His wife Elisa was the First Lady of Cuba, but in October 1945, he divorced her and six weeks later married Marta Fernandez Miranda (1923–2006). They would eventually have five children together (Jorge Luis, Roberto Francisco, Fulgencio Jose, and Marta Maluf, Carlos Manuel). Return to the Presidency Batista and his new wife moved to Daytona Beach in the United States for a while before deciding to re-enter Cuban politics. He was elected senator in 1948 and he and his wife returned to Cuba. He established the Unitary Action Party and ran for president in 1952, assuming that most Cubans had missed him during his years away. Soon, it became apparent that he would lose: he was running a distant third to Roberto Agramonte of the Ortodoxo Party and Dr. Carlos Hevia of the Autà ©ntico party. Fearful of losing entirely his weakening grip on power, Batista and his allies in the military decided to take control of the government by force. Batista had a great deal of support. Many of his former cronies in the military had been weeded out or passed over for promotion in the years since Batista had left: it is suspected that many of these officers may have gone ahead with the takeover even if they had not convinced Batista to go along with it. In the early hours of March 10, 1952, about three months before the election was scheduled, the plotters silently took control of the Camp Columbia military compound and the fort of La Cabaà ±a. Strategic spots such as railways, radio stations, and utilities were all occupied. President Carlos Prà ­o, learning too late of the coup, tried to organize a resistance but could not: he ended up seeking asylum in the Mexican embassy. Batista quickly reasserted himself, placing his old cronies back in positions of power. He publicly justified the takeover by saying that President Prà ­o had intended to stage his own coup in order to remain in power. Young firebrand lawyer Fidel Castro tried to bring Batista to court to answer for the illegal takeover, but was thwarted: he decided that legal means of removing Batista would not work. Many Latin American countries quickly recognized the Batista government and on May 27 the United States also extended formal recognition. Fidel Castro and Revolution Castro, who would likely have been elected to Congress had the elections taken place, had learned that there was no way of legally removing Batista and began organizing a revolution. On July 26, 1953, Castro and a handful of rebels ​attacked the army barracks at Moncada, igniting the Cuban Revolution. The attack failed and Fidel and Raà ºl Castro were jailed, but it brought them a great deal of attention. Many captured rebels were executed on the spot, resulting in a lot of negative press for the government. In prison, Fidel Castro began organizing the 26th of July movement, named after the date of the Moncada assault. Batista had been aware of Castro’s rising political star for some time  and had once even given Castro a $1,000 wedding present in an attempt to keep him friendly. After Moncada, Castro went to jail, but not before publicly making his own trial about the illegal power grab. In 1955 Batista ordered the release of many political prisoners, including those who had attacked Moncada. The Castro brothers went to Mexico to organize the revolution. Batista’s Cuba The Batista era was a golden age of tourism in Cuba. North Americans flocked to the island for relaxation and to stay at the famous hotels and casinos. The American mafia had a strong presence in Havana, and Lucky Luciano lived there for a time. Legendary mobster Meyer Lansky worked with Batista to complete projects, including the Havana Riviera hotel. Batista took a huge cut of all casino takings and amassed millions. Famous celebrities liked to visit and Cuba became synonymous with a good time for vacationers. Acts headlined by celebrities such as Ginger Rogers and Frank Sinatra performed at the hotels. Even American Vice-President Richard Nixon visited. Outside of Havana, however, things were grim. Poor Cubans saw little benefit from the tourism boom and more and more of them tuned into rebel radio broadcasts. As the rebels in the mountains gained strength and influence, Batista’s police and security forces turned increasingly to torture and murder in an effort to root out the rebellion. The universities, traditional centers of unrest, were closed. Exit from Power In Mexico, the Castro brothers found many disillusioned Cubans willing to fight the revolution. They also picked up Argentine doctor  Ernesto â€Å"Chà ©Ã¢â‚¬  Guevara. In November of 1956, they returned to Cuba  on board the yacht Granma. For years they waged a guerrilla war against Batista. The 26th of July movement was joined by others inside Cuba who did their part to destabilize the nation: the Revolutionary Directorate, the student group that Batista had alienated years before, almost assassinated him in March of 1957. Castro and his men controlled huge sections of the country and had their own hospital, schools and radio stations. By late 1958 it was clear that the Cuban Revolution would win, and  when Chà © Guevara’s column captured the city of Santa Clara,  Batista decided it was time to go. On January 1, 1959, he authorized some of his officers to deal with the rebels and he and his wife fled, allegedly taking millions of dollars with him. Death The wealthy exiled president never returned to politics, even though he was still only in his fifties when he fled Cuba. He eventually settled in Portugal and worked for an insurance company. He also wrote several books and died on August 6, 1973, in Guadalmina, Spain. He left eight children, and one of his grandchildren, Raoul Cantero, became a judge on the Florida Supreme Court. Legacy Batista was corrupt, violent and out of touch with his people (or perhaps he simply didn’t care about them). Still, in comparison with fellow dictators such as the Somozas in Nicaragua, the Duvaliers in Haiti or even  Alberto Fujimori  of Peru, he was relatively benign. Much of his money was made by taking bribes and payoffs from foreigners, such as his percentage of the haul from the casinos. Therefore, he looted state funds less than other dictators did. He did frequently order the murder of prominent political rivals, but ordinary Cubans had little to fear from him until the revolution began when his tactics turned increasingly brutal and repressive. The Cuban Revolution was less the result of Batista’s cruelty, corruption, and indifference than it was of Fidel Castro’s ambition. Castro’s charisma, conviction, and ambition are singular: he would have clawed his way to the top or died trying. Batista was in Castro’s way, so he removed him. That’s not to say that Batista did not help Castro greatly. At the time of the revolution, most Cubans despised Batista, the exceptions being the very wealthy who were sharing in the loot. Had he shared Cuba’s new wealth with his people, organized a return to democracy and improved conditions for the poorest Cubans, Castro’s revolution might never have taken hold. Even Cubans who have fled Castro’s Cuba and constantly rail against him rarely defend Batista: perhaps the only thing they agree on with Castro is that Batista had to go. Sources Argote-Freyre. Fulgencio Batista: The Making of a Dictator. Vol. 1: From Revolutionary to Strongman. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2006. Batista y Zaldivar, Fulgencio. Cuba Betrayed. Literary Licensing, 2011.   Castaà ±eda, Jorge C.  Compaà ±ero: the Life and Death of Che Guevara. New York: Vintage Books, 1997. Coltman, Leycester. The Real Fidel Castro. Kindle Edition, Thistle Publishing, December 2, 2013. Whitney, Robert W. Appointed by Destiny: Fulgencio Batista and the Disciplining of the Cuban Masses, 1934–1936.  State and Revolution in Cuba: Mass Mobilization and Political Change, 1920–1940. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2001. 122–132.

Leadership Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership Development - Essay Example Companies do have Training and Development programmes for lower level management. There is evidence of Mentoring but when it comes to placing the women at the top side by side with the men there appears to be a lack of confidence. Is it created by men only or are the women responsible for it too? It is firmly believed that Training and Development within a company is important as it Improves individual’s performance and therefore the company as a whole benefits from reduced performance problems and it can motivate the staff so they will be more productive. The question is why it does not translate into more women rising to the top? This is an obvious case of discrimination. But, at whose hand? The men, or the women, or both? 2.1 Development of Source Materials Having raised the above questions, the quest now began for finding materials to find answers. This has been a highly debated question over the past decades and there was ample material about it both in the Library as well as on the World Wide Web. The entire group divided the responsibility amongst themselves the responsibility of finding answers to the above questions. Several models of this process were examined with the help of various journals and writings of eminent personalities to arrive at a consensus of how to find answers to the above questions. The team went through the material meticulously to locate the answers from a maze of diverse views. 2.2 Application of Source Material

Mission of United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mission of United States - Essay Example One of the first terms to observe, would be that of what's known as dollar diplomacy. The act of seeking to ensure the standing of a nation, through the utilization of monetary interests at home, as well as abroad. In recent years, many have sought to make the argument that, in the case of the United States, many jobs have been sold overseas as a means of ensuring stability between the American government and the rest of the international community. Such a practice would essentially be seen as the formation and continued maintenance of foreign policy, or diplomatic relations, through the strength of the monetary system of business. In terms of US President William Howard Taft, his policy would be described by author Emily S. Rosenberg. According to her, "Taft's approach, which he called "dollar diplomacy," was based on the theory that the growth of private economic ties internationally would increase both the strategic position and the economic prosperity of the United States," (Rose nberg, p. 58). In more direct terms, the philosophy of this particular type of diplomatic practice would have been formed based upon the assessment that, in order to achieve both economic, as well as national security means, it would be imperative for the United States to orchestrate their diplomacy in such a manner. Of the many leaders that would come to take command over the American public, one such individual would have been President Woodrow Wilson. There would remain those who, after viewing the historical record during the period of Wilson's era, would have felt that America would have taken less than a reactive response in regard to events transpiring in the world. According to author Walter A. McDougall, he would sum up the issue of Wilsonianism in the following manner, "Whether or not Wilsonianism was the message the world needed to hear after World War I, Woodrow Wilson was surely the wrong messenger-not because he was too religious, but because his religion was too personal, sanctimonious, gnostic," (McDougall, p. 145). The lasting effect of a chief executive's stance on the issues that come before them can be the underlying ingredients to the overall formation of their legacy. In Wilson's case, "Many historians would say that he was vindicated, since Wilson's Liberal Internationalis t tenets informed the foreign policies of every administration after him," (McDougall, p. 145). In the end, the 14 point plan created by Woodrow Wilson, would serve to shape the mission of the American society, in terms of how it viewed its role in political affairs both nationally, as well as overseas. For both Germany, as well as Japan, the events leading up to World War II and afterward, would be a decisive period for the United States, as it would come to approaching these two nations. As far as their engagement with Japan, "The anomaly of attempting to make Japan "law abiding" in the Western mode by pursuing occupation policies unprecedented in international law was rationalized by the argument that World War II had been a catastrophe

Stress And How To Manage It Essays -- essays research papers

Stress and How To Manage It Everyone has stress, and we all have different stressors. Each person has their own way of coping with stress. some ignore their problems while others face them head on. There are four types of stressors and we all experience them at some point in our lives. One of these stressors is hassles. Hassles are a part of everyday life, but if they aren't coped with, they an cause major problems. One hassle in my life is me being constantly sick all of the time. Lately, I have had a lot of colds and flus's. Coughing, sneezing, and missing school can get really old. It is a hassle to blow my nose and take my pills all of the time. My being sick is a big hassle, but it is not really a high quality of stressor. Hassles can cause quite a bit of stress, but they are nothing compared to a catastrophe. Catastrophes are unpredictable events that can change your life permanently. The biggest catastrophe in my life was when my best friend, Dre, died. It was hard for me because I knew what was happening to him but there was nothing I could do about it. My parents didn't know about him so I couldn't turn to them. I couldn't turn to my boyfriend because he wouldn't understand or care. Dre was the one person I could always turn to, and when I lost him my life changed forever. The death of a loved one is usually considered a life change, but in my case it was much more drastic than that. My life change that has caused me a lot of stress would be my problems with my ...

Promote Children and Young People’s Positve Behaviour Essay

In this assignment I will be looking to demonstrate my knowledge of three different assessment criteria. Firstly I will be looking to explain the benefits of all staff consistently and fairly applying boundaries and rules for children and young people’s behaviour. I will then look to explain how the application of boundaries and rules for behaviour complies with the policies and procedures of the setting. I will then move onto to explaining the benefits of actively promoting positive aspects of behaviour as well as explaining the strategies for actively promoting positive aspects of behaviour. And finally I will look to give an explanation of the sorts of behaviour or discipline problems that should be referred to others and then I will look to give an understanding of the procedures for reporting problems. Firstly it is important for all staff to be consistent and fair when applying boundaries and rules for children and young people and outline any implications that inconsistent application of rules may have. It is also important to make sure that all children are treated equally, not only will that mean that the children trust you but it also means that the children will know exactly where the boundaries are which is very important when being in the classroom but also when outside the classroom as well. Making sure there isn’t any inconsistency as well is very important for both staff as students, this is likely to happen if children can see they aren’t being treated fairly which may lead to children trying to play staff off against each other and as a team may cause tension for them. There are many examples which back this up and the best one is when at the end of playtime whoever is on duty blows the whistle and the children line up into their class lines and then are quietly led back to their classrooms by their teacher, if this didn’t happen there would be problems getting back into school and could lead to accidents happening after playtime has finished and also as the children make their way back into school for lessons. In my setting at Rosebery which is a short stay school an example of this would be at the end of each lesson either the class teacher or the support staff who has worked with will lead the class o the next lesson or to break or lunchtime, the reason we do this is to make sure our pupils do not disturb other lessons which are going at the same time, it also means that should any trouble between students break out which is a big possibility working at Rosebery then there will be a member of staff available to attempt to break up and restrain any pupils should it be required. There are many benefits of encouraging and rewarding positive behaviour of children and young people. Firstly starting with the fact that positive behaviour does highlight to other children what type of behaviour they should be displaying which is extremely important to see in the classroom and outside during break and lunchtimes in their own time, this could also lead to teachers trusting the pupils with important jobs like delivering messages to other classes etc. This in turn means that children are more likely to repeat any positive behaviour they see from others as they can see what positive behaviour looks like and what rewards come with good behaviour. Another benefit from encouraging behaviour is that if a pupil is praised for good behaviour which they have shown will mean that the child/children in question will only get more confident and their self-esteem will also increase which is a good thing to have at a young age especially when it comes to preparing for later life as well. Another thing which comes from positive behaviour and also sets children up for later life is that working relationships will become more positive which will set up friendships for later life. Also should a child get house points for good work or good behaviour or even win pupil of the week off the class teacher which is what we have brought into Rosebery in recently weeks which has only giving our pupils something to aim for especially when they all see certificates up in the foyer when they come into school every morning, then the success will only spur them on to continue with their good behaviour as they can see the rewards that will come with good behaviour and continue to receive awards and rewards for good reason. Finally good behaviour also removes any potential barriers to learning which is very important as it will mean children will be able to have full focus on what they are being taught by their class teacher and will therefore be more likely to succeed with any sort of exam or assessment they get set. Schools must comply with sanctions because it is one of the many policies which schools must abide by in terms of legal requirements but also children and young people need to be praised when they have done something right and when they really have achieved something and that is what as staff we attempt to do as often as possible. There are however times when bad behaviour does need to be dealt with and it is important to know how you go about it for example knowing who you need to tell and how you go about telling them are both important things which must be taken into consideration when having to deal with bad behaviour. Firstly it is important to act within the boundaries of my role within the school when dealing with bad behaviour, and I must also remember if I am unsure about what these boundaries are I should seek support from a fellow member of staff who does know the correct guidelines and boundaries. If I am in the position where I witness violent or aggressive behaviour which has led to their being a big risk of children and/or staff getting hurt, then instantly at the very least I should tell my class teacher what I have seen so they can deal with it and inform the right people, whether that be just the headmaster to deal with it and take the right action whatever that may be. This is also the same procedure if you notice any bullying going on or if you are told by a pupil they are being bullied or they have seen bully, taking the accusation seriously and making sure the class teacher knows about it as soon as possible so they can follow it up quickly and in the right way by letting the relevant people know. If there is any behaviour which comes under the category of persistent non-compliance behaviour which would include children not doing what they have been asked to do, for example being out of their chairs to go and talk to others while in lesson this is then another barrier to learning, this type of example normally includes a lot of children which means more are unable to learn and more face getting in trouble for not following instructions. There are many examples of the sorts of behaviour or discipline problems that should be referred to others and these include violet or aggressive behaviour, bullying of any kind whether that be physical or cyber, if the pupils) are being non-compliant, any sort of uncharacteristic behaviour is another good example which at Rosebery we see all too often, another example which once again we see at Rosebery is a poor attendances which some of our children have and that is usually due to all of the reasons above and must be dealt with as a matter of emergency should this occur as the pupils have a legal requirement to be in school until they leave at the age of 16. Overall It is important to remember that positive behaviour really needs to be rewarded by the staff at school as it can improve self-esteem of the child/children in question and is very likely to mean that they keep up their good behaviour in the future, it is also important to remember that if behaviour isn’t good then the correct sanctions must be brought in so it’s fair on all pupils that they are all following the same rules but also so those who are misbehaving are able to learn from a negative experience like getting in trouble.

Analysis Of Nietzsches Full Fathom Five - 1937 Words

Jackson Pollock’s painting titled Full Fathom Five reveals black and silver splatters of paint that aren’t necessarily straight. His painting includes colors such as blue, black, white and even specks of orange. In addition, there are no figures which can be easily deciphered and the paint seems to have been spilled all over the canvas. Thus, the painting does not display calculation or a lot of logic. Instead, his creation seems to thrive off creativity and disorder. So I ask, how do we make sense of such an unreasonable painting? The answer can be found within the philosophical ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche introduces to readers both the Apollonian force and the Dionysian force is his book The Birth of Tragedy. To be specific,†¦show more content†¦Under such an intoxicating force, Pollock did not think to create symmetrical lines or clear cut images. We see this throughout the contrasting paint splatters on the canvas. This intoxicating force also influences his artistic vision. For example, in Full Fathom five Pollock frees himself of the rules a figurative painter, or Apollonian artist, would follow. An Apollonian artist following the rules of the force of the line and image would include symmetry and/or logic in their artwork. These rules also include creating distinguishable figures for people to view. The idea that an Apollonian artist would create clear images is presented when Nietzsche tells reader to â€Å"...imagine how, through Apollonian dream-inspiration, his own state, i.e., his oneness with the inmost ground of the world, is revealed to him in a symbolical dream image† (Cahn and Meskin 224). In this quote, Nietzsche refers to the Apollonian artist as an artist who sees the world in symbolical images and then goes on to create them. Likewise, the Apollonian artist creates works of images and does not give us any sense of intoxication or ambiguity. In this way, Nietzsche would say that Pollock unleashed himself from any boundaries given to an artist following the Apollonian rules of art. The outcome of this dissociation is a Dionysian influenced painting displaying expressive paint splatters placed in unique patterns.